\begin{appendix}
\chapter{XML-Schemas}

The Handovers XML-Schema is divided into three parts:
\begin{itemize}
  \item Cell XML-Schema
  \item GPS Position XML-Schema
  \item Handovers XML-Schema
\end{itemize}

\section{Cell XML-Schema}
The Cell XML-Schema \ref{cellXMLSchema} defines a cell in a PLMN and is structured as follows:

\begin{lstlisting}[label=cellXMLSchema, caption={Overview Cell XML-Schema.}]
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
 <xsd:complexType name="Cell">
  <xsd:simpleContent>
   <xsd:extension base="xsd:string">
    <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:positiveInteger"/>				
    <xsd:attribute name="areacode" type="xsd:positiveInteger"/>
    <xsd:attribute name="mcc" type="xsd:positiveInteger"/>
    <xsd:attribute name="mnc" type="xsd:positiveInteger"/>
    <xsd:attribute name="longname" type="xsd:string"/>
    <xsd:attribute name="shortname" type="xsd:positiveInteger"/>
    <xsd:attribute name="status" type="xsd:positiveInteger"/>
   </xsd:extension>
  </xsd:simpleContent>
 </xsd:complexType>
</xsd:schema>
\end{lstlisting}
\newpage

\section{GPS Position XML-Schema}
The second XML-Schema describes a GPS Position \ref{gpsPositionXMLSchema}. Worth mentioning thereby is that not every BT GPS mouse delivers the altitude and geoid-separation, as experienced in the tests. Further information about NMEA, the standard for describing GPS data, can be looked up in \citet{NMEA2006}.

\begin{lstlisting}[label=gpsPositionXMLSchema, caption={Overview GPS Position XML-Schema.}]
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
 <xsd:complexType name="Gps">
  <xsd:sequence>
   <xsd:element name="longitude" type="xsd:double"/>
   <xsd:element name="latitude" type="xsd:double"/>
   <xsd:element name="status" type="xsd:integer"/>
   <xsd:element name="utctime" type="xsd:time"/>
   <xsd:element name="speedInCmH" type="xsd:double"/>
   <xsd:element name="altitude" type="xsd:double"/>
   <xsd:element name="altitudeunits" type="xsd:string"/>
   <xsd:element name="geoidseparation" type="xsd:double"/>
   <xsd:element name="geoidseparationunits" type="xsd:string"/>
  </xsd:sequence>
 </xsd:complexType>
</xsd:schema>
\end{lstlisting}
\newpage

\section{Handovers XML-Schema}
As presented beneath the Cell and GPS Position XML-Schema are included in the Handovers XML-Schema \ref{handoversXMLSchema}. Handovers are defined as follows:

\begin{lstlisting}[label=handoversXMLSchema, caption={Overview Handovers XML-Schema.}]
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xsd:include schemaLocation="http://lbs.labs.fhv.at/Cell.xsd"/>
<xsd:include schemaLocation="http://lbs.labs.fhv.at/Gps.xsd"/>	
<xsd:element name="handovers">
 <xsd:complexType>
  <xsd:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <xsd:element name="handover">
    <xsd:complexType>
     <xsd:sequence>	
      <xsd:element name="origin">
       <xsd:complexType>
        <xsd:sequence>
         <xsd:element name="cell" type="Cell"/>
         <xsd:element name="signalstrength" type="xsd:Integer"/>
        </xsd:sequence>
       </xsd:complexType>
      </xsd:element>
      <xsd:element name="destination">
       <xsd:complexType>
        <xsd:sequence>
         <xsd:element name="cell" type="Cell"/>
         <xsd:element name="signalstrength" type="xsd:Integer"/>
        </xsd:sequence>
       </xsd:complexType>
      </xsd:element>
      <xsd:element name="gps" type="Gps"/>
     </xsd:sequence>
     <xsd:attribute name="date" type="xsd:dateTime"/>
    </xsd:complexType>
   </xsd:element>
  </xsd:sequence>
 </xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
\end{lstlisting}
\newpage

\section{Samples XML-Schema}
The Samples XML-Schema is divided into three parts:
\begin{itemize}
  \item Cell XML-Schema
  \item GPS Position XML-Schema
  \item Samples XML-Schema
\end{itemize}

As presented beneath the Cell and GPS Position XML-Schema, both aforementioned, are included in the Samples XML-Schema \ref{samplesXMLSchema}. Samples are defined as follows:

\begin{lstlisting}[label=samplesXMLSchema, caption={Overview Samples XML-Schema.}]
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xsd:include schemaLocation="./Cell.xsd"/>
<xsd:include schemaLocation="./Gps.xsd"/>	
 <xsd:element name="samples">
  <xsd:complexType>
   <xsd:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
    <xsd:element name="sample">
     <xsd:complexType>
      <xsd:sequence>
       <xsd:element name="cell" type="Cell"/>
       <xsd:element name="signalstrength" type="xsd:integer"/>
       <xsd:element name="gps" type="Gps"/>
      </xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string"/>
      <xsd:attribute name="date" type="xsd:dateTime"/>
     </xsd:complexType>
    </xsd:element>
   </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
 </xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
\end{lstlisting}

\chapter{Visualisations}
This section contains visualisations of cells and samples on GIS maps made during testing periods.

\section{Cells}
Figure \ref{Visualisation example cells} shows some of the cells recorded in the metropolitan area of Dornbirn.
\begin{figure}[ht]
		\begin{left}
	    	\includegraphics[width=14cm]{graphics/cells}
			\caption[Visualisation example cells]{Overview cells.}
			\label{Visualisation example cells}
		\end{left}
\end{figure}
\newpage

\section{Test Samples}
Figure \ref{Visualisation example samples} visualises the test samples on a GIS map used for determining the accuracy of the centroid and center of gravity LDT in the sub(urban) testing session.
\begin{figure}[ht]
		\begin{left}
	    	\includegraphics[width=13.3cm]{graphics/samples}
			\caption[Visualisation example samples]{Overview samples in the (sub)urban testing session.}
			\label{Visualisation example samples}
		\end{left}
\end{figure}
\newpage

\section{Tracking of Test Samples}
Figure \ref{Tracking of (sub)urban testing session} shows the tracking of the test route in order to validate the test samples.
\begin{figure}[ht]
		\begin{left}
	    	\includegraphics[width=13.1cm]{graphics/tracking}
			\caption[Tracking of (sub)urban testing session]{Tracking of the test route.}
			\label{Tracking of (sub)urban testing session}
		\end{left}
\end{figure}
\newpage

\chapter{Test Results}
This section contains an overview of result figures. The following spreadsheets are included:

\begin{itemize}
  \item \textit{Overview of all samples (sub)urban} \ref{Accuracy overview of all samples (sub)urban}.1
  \item \textit{Overview of all samples urban} \ref{Accuracy overview of all samples urban}.2
  \item \textit{Overview comparison centroid and CoG (sub)urban} \ref{Accuracy comparison centroid and CoG (sub)urban}.3
  \item \textit{Overview comparison centroid and CoG urban} \ref{Accuracy comparison centroid and CoG urban}.4
  \item \textit{Overview combination of centroid and CoG (sub)urban} \ref{Accuracy combination centroid and CoG (sub)urban}.5
  \item \textit{Overview combination of centroid and CoG urban} \ref{Accuracy combination centroid and CoG urban}.6
\end{itemize}

\newpage
\begin{figure}[ht]
		\begin{left}
	    	\includegraphics[width=14cm, trim=1.8cm 2.5cm 2.0cm 2.5cm, clip=true]{graphics/accuracySuburban}
			\caption[Accuracy overview of all samples (sub)urban]{Overview of all samples (sub)urban.}
			\label{Accuracy overview of all samples (sub)urban}
		\end{left}
\end{figure}

\newpage
\begin{figure}[ht]
		\begin{left}
	    	\includegraphics[width=14cm, trim=1.8cm 2.5cm 2.0cm 2.5cm, clip=true]{graphics/accuracyUrban}
			\caption[Accuracy overview of all samples urban]{Overview of all samples urban.}
			\label{Accuracy overview of all samples urban}
		\end{left}
\end{figure}

\newpage
\begin{figure}[ht]
		\begin{left}
	    	\includegraphics[width=14cm, trim=1.8cm 2.5cm 2.3cm 2.5cm, angle=90, clip=true]{graphics/accuracyComparisonSuburban}
			\caption[Accuracy comparison centroid and CoG (sub)urban]{Overview comparison centroid and CoG (sub)urban.}
			\label{Accuracy comparison centroid and CoG (sub)urban}
		\end{left}
\end{figure}

\newpage
\begin{figure}[ht]
		\begin{left}
	    	\includegraphics[width=14cm, trim=1.8cm 2.5cm 1.9cm 2.5cm, angle=90, clip=true]{graphics/accuracyComparisonUrban}
			\caption[Accuracy comparison centroid and CoG urban]{Overview comparison centroid and CoG urban.}
			\label{Accuracy comparison centroid and CoG urban}
		\end{left}
\end{figure}

\newpage
\begin{figure}[ht]
		\begin{left}
	    	\includegraphics[width=14cm, trim=1.8cm 2.5cm 2.3cm 2.5cm, clip=true]{graphics/accuracyCombinationSuburban}
			\caption[Accuracy combination centroid and CoG (sub)urban]{Overview combination centroid and CoG (sub)urban.}
			\label{Accuracy combination centroid and CoG (sub)urban}
		\end{left}
\end{figure}

\newpage
\begin{figure}[ht]
		\begin{left}
	    	\includegraphics[width=14cm, trim=1.8cm 2.5cm 1.9cm 2.5cm, clip=true]{graphics/accuracyCombinationUrban}
			\caption[Accuracy combination centroid and CoG urban]{Overview combination centroid and CoG urban.}
			\label{Accuracy combination centroid and CoG urban}
		\end{left}
\end{figure}

\chapter{M-Gourmet}
\citet{Komenda2006} has developed a location-based restaurant guide based on the FDP concept. The coming screens \ref{mgourmet} introduce into the application.

\begin{figure}[ht]
 \begin{center}
 \subfigure[][]{
  \label{gourmet1}
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{graphics/gourmet1}}
 \hspace{.5cm}
 \subfigure[][]{
  \label{gourmet2}
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{graphics/gourmet2}}
 \hspace{.5cm}
 \subfigure[][]{
  \label{gourmet3}
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{graphics/gourmet3}}
 \hspace{.5cm}
 \subfigure[][]{
  \label{gourmet4}
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{graphics/gourmet4}}
 \hspace{.5cm}
 \subfigure[][]{
  \label{gourmet5}
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{graphics/gourmet5}}
 \hspace{.5cm}
 \subfigure[][]{
  \label{gourmet6}
  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{graphics/gourmet6}}
 \caption[Screenshots M-Gourmet FDP location-based restaurant finder]{Figure \subref{gourmet1} shows the initial screen of the application which gives the possibilities to request information about last visited, favourite restaurants or restaurants close to the current position of the mobile user. The next illustration \subref{gourmet2} lists the restaurants close to the user. The user has selected restaurant 'Hotel Krone' \subref{gourmet3} in order to request further information about this restaurant. Screen \subref{gourmet4} gives an overview about further actions. Two of them are illustrated in the coming figures. \subref{gourmet5} shows a GIS map with buddy's location and the selected restaurant, whereas \subref{gourmet6} shows the programme state when the mobile user requests a route proposal from his or her current position to the selected restaurant.}
 \label{mgourmet}
 \end{center}
\end{figure}

\chapter{List of Acronyms}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{tabular}{ll}
3G & Third Generation & %
3GPP & 3rd Generation Partnership Project & %
AC & Area Code & %
A-GPS & Assisted Global Positioning System & %
AOA & Angle of Arrival & %
API & Application Programming Interface & %
BSC & Base Station Controller & %
BT & Bluetooth & %
BTS & Base Transceiver Station & %
CB & Cell Border & %
CDF & Cumulative Distribution Function & %
CDMA & Code Division Multiple Access & %
CEP & Circular Error Probability & %
CGI & Cell Global Identity & %
CoG & Center of Gravity & %
CORBA & Common Object Request Broker Architecture & %
DBMS & Database Management System & %
DCM & Database Correlation Method & %
DNS & Domain Name System & %
EDGE & Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution & %
E-OTD & Enhanced Observed Time Difference & %
EU & European Union & %
FDP & Fetching Distribution Processing & %
GIS & Geographical Information System & %
GMLC & Gateway Mobile Location Center & %
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{tabular}{ll}
GMPC & Gateway Mobile Position Center & %
GPRS & General Packet Radio Service & %
GPS & Global Positioning System & %
GSA & Global mobile Suppliers Association & %
GSM & Global System for Mobile communication & %
GUI & Graphical User Interface & %
HLR & Home Location Register & %
HTTP & Hypertext Transfer Protocol & %
ICR & Inaccuracy per Cell Ratio & %
IDL & Interface Definition Language & %
JMS & Java Message Service & %
LAN & Local Area Network & %
LAS & Location Attachment Service & %
Lat & Latitude & %
LBS & Location-Based Service & %
LES & Location Enabling Server & %
LIF & Location Interoperability Forum & %
LMU & Location Measurement Unit & %
Lon & Longitude & %
LTP & Location Technology Provider & %
MCC & Mobile Country Code & %
MLP & Mobile Location Protocol & %
MNC & Mobile Network Code & %
MNP & Mobile Number Portability & %
MPC & Mobile Positioning Center & %
MS & Mobile Station & %
MSC & Mobile Switching Center & %
MS-ISDN & Mobile Station Integrated Service Digital Number & %
MSM & Mobile Station Modem & %
MT & Mobile Terminal & %
NM & Nautical Mile & %
NMEA & National Marine Electronics Association & %
NO & Network Operator & %
OO & Object-Oriented & %
ORM & Object-Relational-Mapping & %
OS & Operating System & %
OTDOA & Observed Time Difference of Arrival & %
PE & Positioning Error & %
PLMN & Public Land Mobile Network & %
QoS & Quality of Service & %
REG & Regulator & %
RFC & Request for Comments & %
RFID & Radio Frequency Identification & %
RMS & Root Mean Square Error & %
RSCP & Received Signal Code Power & %
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{tabular}{ll}
SAX & Simple API for XML & %
SDD & Service Device Discovery & %
SDK & Software Development Kit & %
SIM & Subscriber Identity Module & %
SM & South Most & %
SMS & Short Message Service & %
SOA & Service-Oriented Architecture & %
SOAP & Simple Object Access Protocol & %
SP & Service Provider & %
STDEV & Standard Deviation & %
TA & Timing Advance & %
TCP/IP & Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol & %
TMC & Traffic Message Channel & %
TTFF & Time To First Fix & %
UI & User Interface & %
UL-TOA & Uplink Time of Arrival & %
UMTS & Universal Mobile Telecommunications System & %
U-TDOA & Uplink Time Difference of Arrival & %
VLR & Visitor Location Register & %
W3C & World Wide Web Consortium & %
WAP & Wireless Application Protocol & %
WLAN & Wireless Local Area Network & %
WM & West Most & %
WS & Web services & %
XML & Extensible Markup Language & %
 & & %
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\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{appendix}